发动机进排气系统声学特性研究-动力工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 随着对环境要求的不断提高，发动机的噪声问题越来越引起人们的关注。发 动机进排气系统是汽车内外噪声的主要噪声源，其中进排气口噪声是进排气系统 噪声最主要来源。为了降低进排气系统噪声，本文应用 GT-POWER 软件对某 2.0 升汽油机进排气口噪声进行了模型计算，得到了管口处的声学特性，并进行了该 发动机进气口处的噪声试验，以验证进气口噪声模拟计算结果。进气口噪声实验 结果与模拟结果对比表明，GT-POWER 软件计算的进气噪声在低转速下与实际 测试值吻合较好。由于 GT-POWER 计算的是空气动力噪声，声学元件的设计通 常是针对空气动力噪声进行的，所以选择 GT-POWER 软件计算消声元件的声学 特性是比较合适的。根据模拟分析得到的进排气口噪声与各阶次噪声及公司对进 气口噪声的限值，找出各噪声值中超出限值部分所对应的转速及阶次，计算出超 出限值部分噪声的频率，即为所要设计的进气系统消声元件的中心频率。然后根 据超出限值部分噪声的特点选择谐振腔或者四分之一波长管，并确定谐振腔或四 分之一波长管的尺寸。 消声元件的消声效果除了与消声元件的结构相关外，还与其在进气系统上的 布置位置有关。为了优化消声元件在进气系统的布置位置，本文应用 SYSNOISE 软件对进气系统进行了声模态模拟分析，得到了前 10 阶模态频率以及对应的模 态振型。找到与消声元件中心频率最接近的模态频率，这个模态频率所对应的模 态阵型的反节点位置就是消声元件布置的最佳位置。消声元件的布置位置对发动 机阶次噪声消减效果的影响是通过改变与该消声中心频率相近的模态频率所对 应的模态阵型来实现的。计算结果表明，消声元件布置在某阶模态的反节点位置 比布置在节点位置，可以使该模态频率下的阶次噪声多降低 2dB，总噪声多降低 1dB。 关键词： 进气系统 阶次噪声 声模态 反节点 ABSTRACT With the continuous increase in environment improvement requirement, the noise of engine has attracted more attention. Intake and exhaust system noise of engine are the main sources of inside and outside noise of vehicle. In order to reduce the noise of intake and exhaust system, the acoustic characteristics of intake and exhaust system of a 2.0L gasoline engine are simulated in GT-POWER, and an experiment of the intake noise has been conducted to verify the simulation results. Comparison between the experiment results of the intake noise and the simulation results shows that the acoustic characteristics simulated in GT-POWER have a good agreement with that in experiment at low speeds. Because GT-POWER can only be used to calculate the aerodynamic noise and the noise reduction elements are designed primarily for reducing the aerodynamic noise, the simulated noise characteristics of the noise reduction elements in GT-POWER is very suitable. According to the simulated total noise and order noise of the intake and exhaust system, and the noise limits proposed by the company, the speed and order which are in excess of the limits can be found. And the noise frequency which is in excess of the