基于MEMS的滑动轴承动压油膜3D检测方法的研究-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 动压油膜特性是影响轴承工作性能的主要因素，通常是通过求解雷诺方程得到油 膜压力的分布情况。在求解过程中会对轴承的物理模型进行简化，对实验条件进行假 设以及理想化，从而造成数学方法求得的结果与现实情况有误差。要想全面正确研究 滑动轴承动压油膜压力的分布情况以及其他参数就需要通过有效的实验手段。 本文的目的是研究滑动轴承油膜特性的三维分布。通过查阅文献和调研，对现有 滑动轴承试验台进行了全面的总结，分析了各种试验台的优缺点。基于无限长轴对滑 动轴承润滑理论进行研究，得到滑动轴承油膜的特点：在轴向和周向上都是非线性的 抛物线型分布；总结出影响滑动轴承油膜特性的因素：主轴转速、偏心率、油膜间隙、 轴承长径比。 在上述理论的基础上运用世界流行的计算流体力学软件 Fluent 对滑动轴承油膜压 力分布进行了模拟仿真,得到滑动轴承油膜三维分布与上述因素的关系：在其他条件不 变的情况下，主轴转速越快，偏心率越大，间隙越小，长径比越大，则油膜压力的峰 值越大，轴承的承载能力越强，且油膜出现最大压力的位置与主轴转速无关。 以 Fluent 对滑动轴承油膜分布得到的数值为依据，进行滑动轴承试验台的创新设 计，形成了一套完整的实验、检测方案，其创新点在于用导轨滑块将滑动轴承与试验 台床身之间进行连接，使他们之间能形成相对移动，加之传感器随主轴的转动，形成 了一套完整的滑动轴承动压油膜 3D 检测方法。并基于 MEMS 的思想进行了滑动轴承 试验台各种元器件的选型，为将本实验方案应用于涡轮增压器浮环轴承内油膜压力的 检测提供了可能。 关键词：MEMS, 滑动轴承，动压油膜，3D 检测，Fluent I ABSTRACT Hydrodynamic film is the main factor that affects the bearing performance. The oil film pressure distribution is generally derived by Reynolds equation. During the solution, both simplification to the physical model of the bearing and assumption and idealization to the experimental condition can lead to the error between simulation result and real situation. The effective experiment is necessary for a comprehensive research on the oil film pressure distribution as well as other parameters of journal bearings. The purpose of this thesis is to study the 3D hydrodynamic film pressure distribution of journal bearings. Through literature review and investigation, the current journal bearing test rigs are comprehensively summarized. Both advantages and disadvantages of test rigs are analyzed. Based on the research on the lubrication theory of infinitely long journal bearings, the characteristic of hydrodynamic film pressure is obtained, i.e. nonlinear parabolic profiles at both axial and circumferential direction. The factors affecting hydrodynamic film characteristics of journal bearings are summarized, i.e. shaft speed, eccentricity, oil film clearance and ratio of length to diameter. Based on the above theory, Fluent, a popular CFD software around the world, i