《系统生物学》第6讲常微分方程系统建模.ppt

如果线性化系统的稳态是渐进稳定的，则原系统的稳态也是渐进稳定的； 如果线性化系统的稳态是鞍点、不稳定节点或不稳定焦点，则原系统的稳态也是不稳定的。 如果线性化系统的稳态是中心点，则原系统稳态的稳定性不可据此判定。 Routh-Hurwitz定理：对于维数n2的系统，其ODE系统的特征多项式方程为： 这一n阶多项式当n4时，写不出解析解，但可以用Hurwitz判据，判断其特征值的实部是否为负，通过构建Hurwitz矩阵： 如果特征多项式的所有系数ci和该矩阵的所有前主子式都为正值，则特征多项式方程的所有解的实部都是负数。 线性化系统与原系统稳定性之间的关系 稳态的全局稳定性 对于系统的一个状态，如果对于所有的初始条件当t→∞时，轨迹都能趋于该状态，则称此状态是全局稳定的。一个ODE系统的状态的全局稳定性，可以用Lyapunov函数来检验。 例如，对于系统： 有解： 状态 是渐进稳定的。 举例 极限环 振荡行为是生物学中的一个典型现象。引起振荡的原因可能是外部的，也可能是内部的。如果相平面中存在极限环，则表明系统存在内部固有的稳态振荡。 极限环是一个封闭的轨迹，对于t→∞，所有邻近的轨道都是周期解，或趋近（稳定的）极限环，或远离（不稳定的）极限环。 有界系统 线性微分方程组 XPPAUT软件介绍 XPPAUT is a tool for solving differential equations, difference equations, delay equations, functional equations, boundary value problems, and stochastic equations. XPP contains the code for the popular bifurcation program, AUTO . Thus, you can switch back and forth between XPP and AUTO, using the values of one program in the other and vice-versa. /~bard/xpp/xpp.html XPPAUT软件介绍 XPP has the capabilities for handling up to 590 differential equations. There are over a dozen solvers including several for stiff systems, a solver for integral equations and a symplectic solver. Up to 10 graphics windows can be visible at once and a variety of color combinations is supported. PostScript output is supported as well as GIF and animator GIF movies Post processing is easy and includes the ability to make histograms, FFTs and applying functions to columns of your data. Equilibria and linear stability as well as one-dimensional invariant sets can be computed. Null clines and flow fields aid in the qualitative understanding of two-dimensional models. Poincare maps and equations on cylinders and tori are also supported. Some useful averaging theory tricks and various methods for dealing with coupled oscillators are included. Equations with Dirac delta functions are allowable. There is a curve-fitter based on the Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm which lets you fit data points to the solutions to dynamica