分析流行病学方法的详细分类.ppt

Nested case control study 分析流行病學方法的詳細分類 Cohort study Case control study Nested case control study Relative Risk ( FOR COHORT) Definition: The ratio of the risk of disease in persons exposed compared to the risk of disease in persons unexposed Common formula of relative risk (RR) Interpretation of Relative Risk RR 1 - the risk of disease in the exposed group is greater than the risk in the unexposed group RR = 1 - the risk of disease is the same in the exposed and unexposed RR 1 - the risk of disease in the exposed group is less than the risk in the unexposed For Fixed Cohort For Dynamic Cohort Odds Ratio (FOR CSCN) Definition: The ratio of the ratio of exposure in diseased persons compared to the ratio of exposure in non-diseased persons Common formula of odds ratio (OR) Interpretation of Odds Ratio OR 1 - the odds of exposure in the diseased group is greater than the risk in the non-diseased group OR = 1 - the odds of exposure is the same in the diseased and non-diseased OR 1 - the odds of exposure in the diseased group is less than the risk in the non-diseased group In case-control study of 74 Endometrial Cancer patients their 664 controls, 56 cases and 274 controls received estrogen therapy ever. OR=? Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer Relative Risks and Odds RatiosWhen are They Similar? OR 的估計在 case 及control都具 population的representative 的時候，可以用來估計RR。 Cscn study 的control選擇，用incident case 比用 prevalent case好 Example: Tissue plasminogen activator antigen and D-dimer as markers for atherosclerobotic risk among healthy postmenopausal women Circulation. 2004 Cohort – WHI-OS Bw 1994~1998, 93724 women aged 50 to 79 y/o from 40 clinical centers throughout USA. Participants: having no prior history of CVD or cancer. Monitoring over an average follow-up of 2.9 years. * * 重疊病例對照研究法（nested case control study） 雙向研究法（ambidirectional） 病例對照研究法（case control study） 回溯法（retrospective） 世代追蹤法（cohort study） 追蹤法（prospective） 縱貫研究法（longitudinal study） 調查法（survey stu