国际贸易论文：国际贸易视角下能源短缺对巴基斯坦经济增长的影响来自时间序列分析的经验证据.docxVIP

国际贸易论文：国际贸易视角下能源短缺对巴基斯坦经济增长的影响来自时间序列分析的经验证据 本文是一篇国际贸易论文，该研究对政策问题很重要。 电力改革应该是重中之重，并迅速取得重大经济收益。 精心设计的改革将通过增加准入，提高可靠性和降低排放成本直接影响到贫困阶层。 因此，应该努力实现经济增长的预期目标。CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONThe electricity sector in Pakistan is currently facing the formidable challenges of an insufficient installed capacity, a suboptimal infrastructure, circular debt and revenue shortage. All of these problems hamper socioeconomic activities. Meanwhile energy is an important mean of economic growth and other sectors of economy. The energy shortage is the difference between demand and supply of energy. Pakistan is endowed with energy crisis since beginning. This study is an endeavor to shed some light on economic growth and energy usage.Energy is considered to have significant impact on manufacturing sector production ( Stern, 1993; Stern, 2000; Oh and Lee, 2004a; Oh and Lee, 2004b; Ghali and El-Sakka, 2004; Beaudreau, 2005), economic growth (Cleveland et al. 1984; Shiu and Lam, 2004; Liddle, 2013; Meng et al., 2015; Zheng Walsh, 2019), engineer production (Beaudreau , 1995), human development (Arto et al., 2016; Ferguson et al., 1997; Mattick and Allenby, 2010), CO2 emissions (Zhao et al. 2013; Kan et al. 2012; Qureshi et al. 2015; Heprime;roux et al. 2015; Liao et al. 2016), foreign direct investment (Omri and Kahouli, 2014; Zaman et al., 2012; Tang, 2009; Sadorsky, 2009; Chandran et al., 2010), employment job creation ((Observ#39;ER, 2010; Gearthblog, 2009).Regarding, the channels through with energy can affect the economic growth is its contribution in manufacturing and other sectors of the economy. Without the abundance of energy, a country cannot achieve sustainable growth performance. Its importance in the manufacturing process has been acknowledged by some influential studies ( Stern, 1993; Stern, 2000; Oh and Lee, 2004a; Oh and Lee, 2004b; Ghali and El-Sakka, 2004; Beaudreau, 2005)........