商务英语语用学教程课件 Chapter 2 Speech Act Theory(2).pptVIP

Refusals realized by directives In Chapter 26, when Daiyu came to visit Baoyu at night, finding that the gate of Happy Red Court was closed, she knocked at the door. Qingwen answered like this: ? (29) “They’ve all gone to bed,” she cried, not troubling to ask who it was. “Come back tomorrow.” Here Qingwen conducted two illocutionary acts simultaneously. The first utterance she made is a representative, which aims to make Daiyu believe that all of them have gone to bed and thus is inconvenient to let her in. Her second utterance is a directive, which advises Daiyu to come back the next day. （宝玉）向黛玉笑道“这东西好玩,我给你留起来,回家咱们再好好玩。” 林黛玉将头一扭,说道:“我不稀罕。你拿走。” Another example: Refusals realized by commissives In Chapter 48, Xue Pan went out for business, and Xiangling, Xue Pan’s concubine, was brought into the Garden in company with Baochai. She asked Baochai to teach her poem writing, and Baochai declined her request like this:? (34) “Can you take this opportunity, dear miss, to teach me to write poetry?” “The more you get, the more you want!” chuckled Baochai. “As this is your first day here, I advise you to start by paying your respects to all the ladies in the different apartments outside the Garden’s east gate, beginning with the old lady.…” Of course, Baochai was glad to teach Xiangling, but she thought the more important thing for Xiangling to do first was to pay respects to all the ladies. So she advised her to visit the ladies and the misses first; postponing learning poems. Her implication was that as soon as Xiangling finished visiting the ladies, she’ll teach her to write poetry. Refusals realized by expressives In Chapter 30, Lady Wang cursed Jinchuan, her maid, and was determined to dismiss her because Jinchuan behaved shamelessly in front of Baoyu. (35) “Yuchuan!” ordered Lady Wang. “Go and tell your mother to come at once and take your sister away!” At these words Jinchuan fell on her knees and burst into tears. “I shan’t let it happen again, madam,” sh