基础医学课件-Nervous tissue.pptVIP

Nervous tissue神经组织 Overview---Components: nerve cell: neuronGlial cell: neuroglia---Function: Neurons : receive the stimulation, conduct the nerve impulseGlial cell: support, protect and insulate, nourish neurons neuronSynapseNerve fiberending neuroglialneuron ?Neuron The structural and functional cellular unit LM:---cell body: spherical, pyramidal fusiform or stellate in shape, 5um-150um---dendrite （树突）---axon （轴突） structure of neuron ①???? cell body: ---cell membrane: unit membrane-irritability, receive stimuli, initiate and conduct nerve impulsemembrane proteins - ions channel and receptor cell nucleus: large and round centrally- located less heterochromatin pale stained, with a clear nucleolus ---cytoplasm: perikaryona.?Nissl body (尼氏体): LM: basophilic granule-liked structureEM: parallelly-arranged RER and free ribosomeFunction: synthesis proteinsstructural proteinenzymes of neurotransmitters b.??Neurofibril(神经原纤维): silver impregnation methods (silver preparation)thread-liked dark brown color structure to form a network. EM: neurofilament: 10 nm in diametermicrotubule: 25 nm in diameterFunction: supporting involving in intracellular transportation c.? other organelleGolgi apparatusmitochondriapigment ②???? dendrite(树突): many, short and more branchesstructure similar to cell bodydendritic spine (synapse) and spine apparatus (structure formed by 2-3 layers SER)Function: receive the information ③??? axon(轴突): thin, less branchaxon hillock(轴丘): the beginning without Nissl bodyaxolemmaaxoplasm---Function: initiate an impulse and conduct the impulse * axonal transportsslow anterograde cytoskeletal protein: microtubule, microfilament and neurofilament (0.1-0.4 mm/d)fast anterograde synaptic vesicles, enzymes and proteins( 100-400 mm/d)fast retrograde products of metabolism, intaking materials including protein or neurotropic factors (100-300 mm/d) 3) classification:---According to the number of processes multipolar neuron