肾结石的护理.pptxVIP

肾结石的护理 目录Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text概念及分类病因及病理临床表现辅助检查治疗预防及指导 01概念及分类Click on the input subtitleClick here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text 概念Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text肾结石是一些晶体物质（如钙、草酸、尿酸、胱氨酸等）和有机制（如基质A、酸性黏多糖等）在肾脏的异常聚积所致，为泌尿系统常见病，男性多于女性，多发生于青壮年，90%含有钙，其中草酸钙结石最多见。 分类Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text草酸钙结石：最常见，尿液呈酸性。尿酸盐结石：尿液呈酸性。磷酸钙结石：尿液呈碱性。 磷酸镁铵结石：属于感染性结石。 胱氨酸结石：为罕见的遗传性疾病。 02病因及病理Click on the input subtitleClick here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text 病因Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text1.流行病学因素：年龄、性别、职业、饮食习惯和环境因素有关。2.泌尿系局部因素：尿路梗阻、感染及异物。3.尿液因素：①形成结石物质排出过多，尿液中钙、草酸或尿酸排出量增加。 ②尿改变 磷酸钙及磷酸镁铵结石易在碱性尿中形成，尿酸和胱氨酸结石易在酸性尿中形成。 ③尿液浓缩及尿中抑制晶体形成物质不足。 病理Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text病理变化的特点主要取决于肾结石的性质、部位、大小，形状，活动及尿液引流。最终破坏肾组织损害肾功能三者互为因果，促进病变发展结石梗阻感染 03临床表现Click on the input subtitleClick here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text 临床表现Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text2.血尿 疼痛时出现镜下血尿或肉眼血尿。3.脓尿 并发感染时出现脓细胞表现为腰痛、高热。1.疼痛 分为钝痛和绞痛，常位于腰部或腹部。4.无尿 结石同时堵塞两侧输尿管。 04辅助检查Click on the input subtitleClick here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text 辅助检查Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text Click here to add text6.磁共振：更加全面准确，适用于孕妇儿童及造影剂过敏者。5.CT扫描