动力传动系外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

PASSAGE A Power Train The power train serves two functions： it transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels, and it varies the amount of torque. The power train includes：1.engine：that produces power；2.transmission：either manual or automatic；3.clutch：used only on manual transmission, or torque converter.：used only on automatic transmission; 4.drive shaft：that transmits the power from transmission to differential；5.that carries the power to the two wheel axles.See Fig.5-1. Manual transmission The function of a manual transmission,shown in Fig.5-2, is to transfer engine power to the drive shaft and rear wheels. Gears inside the transmission change the car’s drive-wheel speed and torque in relation to engine speed and torque.This keeps the engine’s output matched as close as possible to varying road speeds and loads. A manual transaxle，shown in the Fig.5-3.,is a single unit composed of a manual transmission, differential, and drive axles. Most front-wheel-drive（FWD） cars are equipped with a transaxle. Such transaxle are also found on some front-engined or rear-wheel-drive （RWD）,four-wheel-drive（4WD）cars and on rear-engined and rear-wheel-drive cars. A manual transmission requires use of a clutch to apply and remove engine torque to the transmission input shaft.The clutch allows this to happpen gradually so that the car can be started from a complete stop. Manual transmission usually have four or five speeds, and often have “overdrive”, which means that the output shaft can turn faster than the input Shaft for fuel economy on the highway. When you use it, it will reduce the engine speed by one-third,while maintaining the same road speed. Clutch Driving a car with a manual transmission, you depress the clutch,