共同过失犯罪问题研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 对于共同过失犯罪，我国刑事立法和理论通说均持否定态度， 共同犯罪只限 于共同故意犯罪”的观念在我国已是根深蒂固。近年来，不少学者质疑共同犯罪理 论，认为共同过失犯罪也是共同犯罪的形态之一。 本文在介绍和评析学界理论纷争的基础上，主张共同过失犯罪应当作为共同 犯罪的一种形态并表现在刑法典中。不承认共同过失犯罪首先在司法实践中暴露 出许多问题，譬如两人以上共同实施过失行为，但无法证明被害人死亡的结果由 谁的行为造成，若否认共同过失犯罪，则两人行为均不能认定为犯罪。在科技高 度发达、社会 工日益细密、行业危险性不断增加的今天，共同过失犯罪越来越 频繁地对社会造成巨大损害。着眼于更好地保护法益、打击犯罪，刑法没有理由 不对此作出反应。其次，肯定共同过失犯罪也具备充 的理论依据。根据一般原 理，共同犯罪表现为客观上的共同性与主观上的共同性，而共同过失犯罪同样符 合这两项特征。再次，承认共同过失犯罪从理论上升为成文立法是有例可循、有 据可依的。虽然我国刑法否认共同过失可以成立共同犯罪，但无论在历史上 是 当前的成文法中，都不乏肯定其成立的成熟法案。 本文认为，立法的明文规定不应成为理论研究的羁绊，法律条文未必是一个 问题的结论，更未必是终极的真理。应当切合社会现实和共同犯罪一般原理，理 性地看待共同过失犯罪问题。在系统阐述其成立理由之后，本文从定义、要件、 范围三方面对共同过失犯罪的理论构造进行了规制。 关键词：共同过失犯罪 共同注意义务 过失教唆犯 过失帮助犯 1 Abstract The idea of offense of joint negligence is negated with both criminal laws and legislation theory at present in China. It has been ingrained concept that common crime equal offense of joint intent. In the past few years, many opposite ideas rise up that offense of joint negligence is also a sort of common crime. Base on introduction and analysis of various ideas in criminology, this article described that offense of joint negligence should be added into current criminal laws as one kind of common crime. First of all, there are practical problems when offense of joint negligence is missing in system. For instance, when more than two people commit of negligence and it ’s not possible to define who lead the victim to death, it will not be made certain that who committed crime if the idea of offense of joint negligence is denied. Nowadays offense of joint negligence is more and more damageable within society that high technology increases rapidly and the division of work has been more detailed gradually. It ’s reasonable to add offense of joint negligence into criminal law as soon as possible.