论涂尔干宗教社会学中的先验论倾向.pdfVIP

2002 年第 1 期 复旦学报〈社会科学版) FlJDAN JOURNAL (Social Scienc臼) No.l 2α)2 ·宗教社会学研究· 论涂尔干宗教社会学中的先验论倾向 曾亦 〈复旦大学社会学系，上海 2制33) [摘 要] 涂尔干的社会学具有浓厚的康德先验哲学的背景，这在整个西方社会学传统中是绝无缸 有的。涂尔干有意识地在其社会学研究中贯翻了先验论的立场，在他看来康德闰题的实质可以化为这样 一个社会学主题，即社会与个人之关系:一方面，社会本身如何是独立于个人、并与个人梧对立的普遍性 的实在;另一方面，社会又如饵成为个人价值的源泉，如拇能提供-种个人必须受到约束的道德法题。本 文力图分析涂尔子对这一问题的思索是如何与对澳洲土著部落的宗教生活的实证考察结合起来。由此 可见，涂尔干的先验论立场及其在这-立场引导下的思索与他对西方人精神世界的关切是分不开的。 [关键词]涂尔干康德社会个人先验论经验论还原论图腾 :中图分类号] 础。[文献标识码] A [文章编号] 也57 朋:9(2002)01 一∞81 一翻 on 由e Tr植E附nden钮1 Tendency in Er垣le Dur挝le酶s Sociol，吨~ Zeng Yi (De，严rtment ! SocioÙJgy , Fí岳出n Univer百件， S阳略也i 立泊433) Abs饲.ct: Emile Dur祉heim s sociol唱y is unique in the tradition of the whole western sociolo町 as it is deeply rooted in Kant s philosophy of transcendentalism. This is 伊te unique in the 1I划ition of the weste邵阳iolo­ gy. Durkheim consciously t，∞k a transcendentalist stand in his sociological studies. Kant s transcendentalist philo回phy boils down to such an issue in sociology , i. e. 也e relation between 回ciety and the individual pε，r­ 四n. Or , on the one hand , how 筑陀iety can be a 山边versal enti穹 which is independent of and op严岳ite to any individual , while , on the other hand , how society becomes 出e source of personal value which provides an in- divid础1wi出 res岳cted moral principl批霄rispa严r attempts to make an analysis of how Dur挝leim s reflec- tions on 出1S lssue 陀late to his 阿itivist res臼rehes on 也e religious life of the aborigines in Australia. It c扭be concluded 也就 D田挝黯im s transcendentalist stand is inseparable from his ∞ncen 埠。时也e spiritual world of 出e west