富士郁闭果园改造为VA（vertical axis）树形的研究初探.pdfVIP

西北林学院学报 2008，23(1)：126~129 Journ~of Northwest Forestry University 富士郁闭果园改造为VA(vertical axis)树形的研究初探 李永武 ， 韩明玉 ， 李丙智 ， 李武成 (1．西北农林科技大学园艺学院，陕西杨陵712100~2．陕西省渭南市农科所，陕西渭南715500) 摘 要：对乔化、矮化富士郁闭果园改造为VA树形进行了研究，结果表明：改造后树冠体积明显变 小，干径增加，操作行距变宽。着生在主干k-3 am粗枝条数明显减少，一年生长度30．1 am枝条 乔化减少了约12 ，矮化减少了15．1 ；15 am的枝条乔化由49．3 增加到62．6 ，矮化由 48．1 增加到69 。改造后树势开张，冠径降低，干高增加，通风透光和叶片光合特性明显改善，净 光合速率和气孔导度均不同程度的增加，胞问COz浓度降低，果实品质和果园的效益得到明显提 高。 关键词：果园；改造；树形 中图分类号：$661．105．1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001—7461(2008)01—0126—04 Modification of Apple Tree to Vertical Axis Shape in Closed Orchard LI Yong—wu ，HAN Ming—yu ，LI Bing—zhi ，LI Wu—cheng (1．Collage ofHorticulture，Northwest以8 University，Yangllng，Shaanxi 712000，C／u~ 2．AgrioAturol Science Research lnstitgte，Weinan，Shaan．m715500，Ctuna) Abstract：It is clear that the canopy volume changed smaller obviously，but trunk diameter was added and operatiou row space was extended after vigorous culture and dwarf culture closing orchard modifying to VA·And it was reduces obviously to branch living on the trunk，and length was reduced 1 2 to vigorous and 15．1 to dwarf to annual branch of31cm，but it is add to vigorous from 49．3 to 62．6 and to dwarf from 48．1 to 69 to branch of1 5cm．Because the fruit tree condition was been bend open，the canopy diameter was been reduced，the trunk height was been added，SO the ventilates and diaphanous and the photosynthetic characteristic of leaf were been improved．So that they are add to net photosynthetic rate and stoma ta conductance，but intercellular CO2 concentration is reduce．An d they were been improved to fruit quality and benefit of orchard． Key words：orchard；modificaton；tree shape 我省苹果园普遍栽植密度大，整形上习惯于多 以直立中央领导干树形为主[3~引，包括纺锤形树形。 留主枝，特别是一层主枝数量多而旺，形成“掐脖”现 Stassen等(1999)[ ]报道，芒果使用直立中央领导干 象，主枝上把门侧枝与辅养枝未及时控制，造成级次