航海学-定期租船-Time CP - 第二十六篇 (Bills of Lading).docVIP

第二十六篇 签发提单 （Bills of Lading） (NYPE 46第78-79行) ------------------------------------------------ “8. … the Captain, who is to sign Bills of Lading for cargo as presented, in conformity with Mate’s or Tally Clerk’s receipts.” 在NYPE 93中, 相关的条款是第30条, 内容增加了不少, 会在本篇提及。 ------------------------------------------------ 26.1 所呈上 (As Presented) 的含意 在NYPE 46及93年格式均有“所呈上”(as presented) 一词, 意味着是承租人而不是船东有权选择任何形式的提单不管是班轮提单或是其他特色的提单, 为了配合承租人自己营运/分租等业务的不同要求。 承租人自己格式的提单包括例如中远或中海提单格式, 或承租人出的“运费预付”提单, Conlinebill班轮提单或十分普遍被使用的Congenbill等。 在The Berkshire, Brandon大法官说:- “The effect of such a clause [NYPE 第8条款] in a charter party is well-settled. In the first place, the clause entitles the charterers to present to the master for signature by him on behalf of the shipowners bills of lading which contain or evidence contracts between the shippers of goods and the shipowners, provided always that such bills of lading do not contain extraordinary terms or terms manifestly inconsistent with the C/P; and the master is obliged, on presentation of him of such bills of lading, to sign them on the shipowners’ behalf. In the second place, the charterers may, instead of presenting such bills of lading for the master for signature by him on behalf of the shipowners, sign them themselves on the same behalf. In either case, whether the master signs on the directions of the charterers, or the charterers short-circuit the matter and sign themselves, the signature binds the ship owners as principals to the contract contained in or evidenced by the bills of lading.” 这是至今对船东同意承租人去签发所呈上提单 (sign bills of lading as presented) 最重要的解释。 它显示了承租人“所呈上”的局限, 即是提单不能有完全不正常(extraordinary) 的条款及与租约有根本性矛盾 (terms manifestly inconsistent with the charterparty) 的条款。 其余是, 承租人几乎拥有完全的自由及伸缩性去出任何格式/形式的提单。 这完全有必要与合理的做法， 如果有局限承租人就可能无法去分租到美国装粮， 因为分租约是以Norgrain Form 1989， 而要签发的相关提单是North America Grain Bill of Lading Form了。 承租人也拥有自由去作出指示提单 (Order bill)， 记名提单 (straight consigned bill), 运费预付提单 (freight prepaid bill), 多式联运提单 (