农村环境污染治理的法哲学分析——以湖南省临澧县农村为例-legal philosophy analysis of rural environmental pollution control - a case study of linli county, hunan province.docxVIP

摘要经济快速发展，环境状况却日渐恶化，是当下社会的尴尬现状。随着人们意 识到环境保护的重要性，以及政府加大环保建设力度，城市的环境问题得到一定 缓解。但是在广大农村，环境污染事件却不断发生。发生此类事件的一部分原因， 是由于城市环境质量要求提高，不少企业转向农村，加上农村原有的乡镇企业， 许多农村变成了工业村。而农村原本的环保措施大多不如城市，农村居民的环保 意识也相对薄弱，污染爆发后果更为严重。另一部分原因则是现代科技带来农业 发展的同时，也带来了负面影响，譬如农药化肥的过量使用引起的土壤污染和水 面污染。以上两方面的因素，导致污染严重影响到了农民正常的生产生活。这些 足以表明农村的环境污染问题已经不是可以一言带过的小问题，需要得到足够的 重视，采取有力的措施来解决。本文从农村污染总体状况入手，具体分析湖南省临澧县农村污染问题。根据 实地调查的资料将污染情况分为三大类型，指出其存在的问题。通过向环保局等 部门收集信息及个人访谈，探讨了该县治理农村环境污染的做法，如深入乡村明 察暗访企业的污染情况、不定时突击检查与惩罚措施并行、开设专线举报电话、 建立网站平台解答并及时解决污染问题、新建环保焚烧池和废水废物处理池等完 善环保设施等。本文从三个方面阐述了农村环境污染治理的法理依据。首先，获得良好的环 境居住条件是农村居民的基本权利。国家法律虽然未明确规定环境权，但相关法 律在内容上认可环境权的存在，相应保护措施在大小城市也付诸实际。同为公民 的农村居民也应享有相应权利。其次，农村环境污染治理是为了实现社会正义， 更是为了维持良好秩序，使得人们更好地为社会发展尽力。再次，进行农村环境 污染治理，是实现生态文明的重要步骤，更好地实现生态文明法治建设。通过调查及相关法理分析，本文进而提出解决农村环境污染的对策建议。主 要包括重视环境责任分配；加强污染治理的执法；采用多种社会调控手段；支持 环境公益诉讼等等。关键词：农村；环境污染；环境权；临澧县AbstractRapid economic development, the environment was deteriorating , is now an embarrassing situation society. As people realize the importance of environmental protection, as well as government efforts to increase environmental construction , the citys environmental problems to get some relief . But in the vast rural areas , environmental pollution incidents have continued to occur. Part of the reason for the occurrence of such events , is due to urban environmental quality requirements increase, many companies turn to rural areas, coupled with the existing township enterprises in rural areas , many rural industries into a village. The original environmental measures in rural areas better than most cities, environmental awareness of rural residents is relatively weak, pollution outbreak of more serious consequences . Another part of the reason is the same modern technology for agricultural development , but also had a negative impact , such as excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and soil pollution caused by water pollution . The above two factors led to serious pollution affecting the normal production and life of farmers . These are enou