体育课堂互动特征影响因素及存在问题.docVIP

体育课堂互动的特征、影响因素及存在问题 　　摘要:分析了体育课堂互动的特征、影响因素和存在的问题。体育课堂互动具有情景的情感性突出、非正式组织明显、类型丰富自然、效果多元和反馈即时5个特征。体育教师的领导方式、教学内容的性质和吸引力、学生在体育课堂中的角色地位以及在课堂中的空间位置是影响体育课堂互动发生的主要因素。当前的体育课堂互动存在学生对课堂互动情景的辨识模糊、师生言语互动中“指令-服从”型互动过多、认知性互动相对缺失等问题。 　　关键词:学校体育;课堂互动;体育教学 　　中图分类号:G807.01 文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-7116(2009)10-0060-05 　　 　　Characteristics, affecting factors and existing problems of 　　interaction during sports classes 　　TANG Yan1,2,YU Zhong-gan1 　　(1.Postdoctoral Station,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China; 　　2.School of Physical Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China) 　　 　　Abstract: The authors analyzed the characteristics, affecting factors and existing problems of interaction during sports classes. The interaction during sports classes is provided with such 5 characteristics as highlighted scene emotion, obvious non official organization, natural and diversified types, diversified effects and instant feedback. Physical education teacher’s leading manner, the nature and attractiveness of teaching contents, the role and status of students during sports classes, and space setup for sports classes, are main factors that affect the occurrence of interaction during sports classes. In the interaction during sports classes today, there are the following problems: the students have an ambiguous recognition on class interaction scenes; the “directive - obey” type interaction in vocal interaction between the teacher and the students is excessive; relatively there is a lack of recognition type interaction. 　　Key words: scholastic physical education;class interaction;physical education teaching 　　 　　2001年的基础教育新课程改革强调,“教学过程是师生交往、共同发展的互动过程”[1]。“没有交往、没有互动,就不存在或未发生教学,那些只有教学的形式表现而无实质性交往发生的‘教学’是假教学”[2]。近8年来课程改革的多方反馈表明,新课程改革的这一强调无疑是正确性。不过,方向上的正确能否带来实践效益的产生,必须取决于各科课程能否结合自身的实际来践行方向的引导。具体到体育课程而言,当利用“互动的教学观”来提升体育课堂教学实效时,首先应当对体育课堂互动的相关问题有所认识和把握,否则,互动将可能流于形式。体育新课程改革过程中一些看似场面热闹、互动频繁的教学之所以受到“好看不受用”的批评,就与对体育课堂互动的认识和把握不当有关。此外,在一些有关体育课堂互动的研究文献中,也存在着明显的认识偏差。例如,以往研究把“体育课堂互动特点”归纳