《汉书》外来词研究与《汉语大词典》的编纂与完善-汉语言文字学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 汉书是我国第一部纪传体断代史 其体例成为后世史书效仿的范本 其 文学价值亦自面世以来倍受学者推崇 从东汉至今约两千年 历代学者对它做了 大量的疏通文字 考证史实 典故 校勘版本 补证阙失等方面的语言文字研究 工作 成果斐然 在外来词方面的研究 或散见于应劭 颜师古 王先谦等的注 解中 或见于对匈奴 西域等的语言 风俗等的考证论文中 或见于地理考证中 总之 笔者至今尚未搜集到对汉书中外来词作专书研究的文章或著作 但是 汉书对于外来词的研究又具有特别的地位 因为正如史存直先生曾经说过的 在两汉之际有两次大的民族接触 一是汉族和匈奴的交战与通好 一是西汉张骞 出使西域从此揭开西域的神秘面纱 并奠定以后进一步巩固西域与中原关系的基 础 两次文武各异的接触给汉语留下了首次有时代记录的外来语词 而汉书 正是对这两次文武接触记录较完整的史籍 记录了很多汉语外来词的源头 因此 笔者选择汉书外来词作为研究对象 笔者在仔细研读汉书原文的基础上 主要参考颜师古 王先谦等学者的注 说文解字 玉篇等小学专书 西域 地名释注 匈奴史论文选集等 史存直先生汉语外来词罗常培先生语 言与文化周振鹤 游汝杰先生方言与中国文化等书籍 本论文尝试综合运 用因声求义 以形索义 比较互证等训释方法 从 语源和发展外来词与文 化外来词与汉语大词典的编纂与完善 几个角度对汉书外来词进行 研究 通过对汉书外来词的研究 希望能够为汉语词汇史的研究和辞书编纂 修订做点资料性工作 关键词 汉书 外来词 汉语大词典 ABSTRACT HanShu is the first dynasty history of China, whose style became the model of the following history books. Its literature value was and is being highly appreciated. It is over 2000 years from the East Han Dynasty nowadays that specialists and scholars have harvested greatly. They ever explained the words, researched the history truth or classic allusions, checked the versions, reinforced the proofs and so on. As for study on loanwords, some could be seen in the comments of Yan Shigu and Wang Xianqian, some in papers or books of minority textual research, and some in geography textual study. However, untill now the writer has not found one paper or book that wholly aimed on the loanwords in HanShu. But HanShu has special value in loanwords study. As Mr ShiCunzhi has ever said that in the West Han Dynasty and the East Han Dynasty there were two kinds of racial contacts on a large scale. One was the war or marriage between Han Dynasty and Hun. The other was the result of diplomatic mission of Mr. Zhang Qian that uncovered the mysterious veil of the West Area, which established firmer relationship between the Han Dynasty and the West Area. The two contacts brought in a lot of loanwords and left the earliest record about loanwords for Chinese. And it is HanShu that had recorded the two entire contacts and the headstream of