削减在电气系统中的间歇性发电外文翻译.docVIP

削减在电气系统中的间歇性发电外文翻译 外文文献 Curtailing Intermittent Generation in Electrical Systems Intermittent energy generation from renewable sources introduces additional variability into electrical systems,resulting in a higher cost of balancing against the increased variabilities. Ways to balance electrical systems include the use of flexible generation resources，storage operations， and a much less-used option: curtailing intermittent generation. This paper focuses on the impact of curtailing intermittent generation on the system’s cost. We construct a model that captures the most critical components of the balancing cost in electrical systems.We find that curtailing intermittent generation may result in unexpected economic behaviors. To reduce the environmental impact of electrical power generation，renewable energy sources increasingly have been integrated into the electrical systems. In the U.S.，from 2002 to 2009, renewable energy generation capacity increased by 31 gigawatts and 96% of this growth was contributed by wind power (Energy Information Administration 2010). Wind power and other renewable sources such as solar and tidal power are intermittent，however，and bring additional variability into the electrical systems. For example, in regions operated by Midwest Independent System Operator (MISO)，the actual wind power averages 3.1 gigawatts from January to April 2011 with a standard deviation of 1.7 gigawatts (based on the hourly wind data from MISO, see details in §6). The intermittency of wind power and other renewable sources brings significant challenges to balance the electrical systems. Unlike the production-inventory systems in other manufacturing environments, demand and supply in the electrical systems must be constantly balanced. Figure 1 conceptually shows the available options for balancing the systems. Two commonly-used options are flexible generation and energy storage. Flexible generation resources are capable of adjusting their output to counteract the vari