胶州湾大型底栖动物的生态学分析-海洋生态学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本辑究分剐在胶州湾jE黎软底区、大滔河口、黄秘养殖区及葬缱 区邻域选取四个典型站位，于2002年3月、6月、8月和12月野外采 样，对大型底栖动物进行了定燕研究，采用多元统计方法分橱了群落 结梅和生物多样毪，探讨了底撩生物群落与邵境毽予豹关系；霜丰浚 和生物嫩比较曲线法分析大型底栖生物群落对自然和人为扰动产嫩的 响应。与该海域有芙大型底栖动物生态学研究的历史资料相比较，以 了解近年来胶列湾大辇底栖裁耪发生豹交纯。 本次研究共采到大型底栖动物l 38种，总平均丰縻、生物量和年 均生产爨分别为1，719inds．·m～、27．179w．W．-m一、2．249C·m-2,yr～，初步 售雾，狡翔湾大型筑瑟动鐾夔警憨次缀生产慧必2．8万拣Ctyr～。与灏 史资料对比，本研究所得到的大型底栖动物丰度值显著增加，生物量 值则明烂下降。与渤海和南黄海大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量比较， 湾内静事疫秘生物爨均低手这嚣个海域，稳是蔽簿湾大澄瘾穗动魏瓣 年均生产量水平高于渤海。从多嘏类丰度占总丰度的百分比分析表明， 养殖区内出现小个体类群占优熟的状况。 群落结秘分掇淡骥，疆令艇次阔大型底绣动物嚣落差异显著，翅 个站使闻的群落结构也呈显著慷差异；群藩结构与粉砂粘土含量、含 水量和叶绿素a的墩等环境因子相关。与历史资料相比，湾内大型底 栖动物瓣落已经发舷缀太变化，部分优势秽漤失。本次调查藏褥熬多 样性稽数与1995年调查的臻栗接近。丰度籁生物量院较曲线(ABC 曲线)液明，湾北部软底区站饿的底栖群落处于中等干扰状态，其他 海域站经的底栖群落尚未表现出受予扰的状况。 本磷究目时使震了lmm鞠O。5mm巍校的网筛进行大型底牺动物 的分选，通过两种孔径网筛筛豳大型底栖动物的种数、丰度和生物量 比较，说明o．5mm张径的网筛对大型底栖动物分选在种类和数量缎贼 优于tmm孔径网簿，使群落缡构萎完整，群赫代表淫受离。 关键词：大型底栖动物；丰度；生物量：次级生产量：胶州湾 ABSTRACTThe ABSTRACT The ecological study of macrofauna was conducted on four typical sampling stations selected in the northern muddy bottom area of Jiaozhou Bay，estuary of Dagu River，culturing and nearby area in Hangdao in Mar．，Jun．，Aug．and Dec．， 2002．Abundance and biomass of macrofauna were investigated by quantitative study．The macrobenthic community structure and biodiversity were analyzed through multivariate statistic analysis．The ABC method(abundance biomass comparison)was used to detect pollution—induced disturbance in marine benthic communities． Total of 1 38 species were identified．The total mean abundance，biomass and secondary production were 1,719inds。·m～，27．179w．w．·m～and 2．249Ctm-2．a．1， respectively．The estimated total annual secondary production of macrobenthos was 28，000tc in Jiaozhou Bay．Compared with the data published on macrobenthic ecology in this area，there was a significant increase in the present abundance and a remarkable decrease in the biomass．There was a big change in the macrobenthic community structure in Jiaozhou Bay during the last two decades．Some dominant species were disappeared。The present diversity index