纤维素和木质素合成酶基因的研究.docVIP

纤维素和木质素合成酶基因的研究 ：纤维素(cellulose)是由衙萄糖组成的大分子多糖。不溶于水及一般有机溶剂。是 植物细胞璧的主要成分。纤维素是自然界中分布最广、含量最多的一种多糖，占植物界碳含 量的50%以上。棉花的纤维素含量接近100%,为天然的最纯纤维素来源。一般木材屮，纤维 素占40?50%,还有10?30%的半纤维素和20?30%的木质素。从1 9 9 6年第一个植物纤 维素合酶基因的鉴定，人们对植物体内纤维素合成的研究已经走过了 1 0年的历程。10多 年中，人们取得了很大的成果。木质素也是构成植物细胞壁的成分之一，具有使细胞相 连的作用。木质素是一种含许多负电集团的多坏高分子有机物，对土壤中的高价金属 离子有较强的亲和力。化石能源的日益枯竭、木质素的丰富储量、木质素科学的飞速 发展决定木质素的经济效益的可持续发展性。木质素成本较低，木质素及其衍生物具 有多种功能性，可作为分散剂、吸附剂/解吸剂、石油回收助剂、沥青乳化剂。纤维 素和木质素对人类可持续发展最为重大贡献就在于提供稳定、持续的有机物质來源， 所以其应用前景十分广阔。本文主要对植物中纤维素和木质素合成酶基因的研究进行 论述。 关键词： 纤维素 木质素 调控 基因 合成 植物 Study of Cellulose and lignin synthase gene Atract： Cellulose (cellulose) is composed of glucose molecules by the polysaccharide. Insoluble in water and common organic solvents. Bi is the main component of plant cells- Cellulose is the most widely distributed in nature, the most abundant of a polysaccharide, accounting for the vegetable kingdom for more than 50% of carbon content. Cotton cellulose content close to 100%, the most natural source of pure cellulose? Generally wood, cellulose accounted for 40 ?50%, and 10 ~ 30% hemicellulose and 20 to 30% of the lignin. From 1996 the first identification of plant cellulose synthase gene, one of the research on cellulose synthesis in plants has passed the 10-year history. 10 years, people have achieved great results? Lignin is a component of plant cell wall composition, connected with the role of the cell. Lignin is a group containing many negatively charged polycyclic organic polymers, on the soil has strong metal ion affinity? Increasing depletion of fossil energy, lignin-rich reserves, the rapid development of scienee and decision lignin of lignin of the economic benefits of sustainable development. Lower cost of lignin, lignin and its derivatives with a variety of functio nality can be used as dispersing age nt, adsorbent / desorptio n agent, the oil recovery additive, asphalt emulsifiers. Cellulose and lignin on the most significant contribution to sustainable human development lies in providi