精确测定万有引力常数的新方法.docVIP

精确测定万有引力常数的新方法 摘要 一个落地的苹果让站在树下的牛顿发现了万有引力，形成了它的引力理论。其中万有引力常数“G”是一个在理论物理、天体物理和地球物理、宇宙学中占有重要地位的基本常数，它的精确测量在实验物理学中也有着至关重要的地位。尽管两个多世纪以来科学家竭尽全力测量“G”的精确值，但是它的测量精度仍然是物理学基本常数中最差的。 以前科学家大都采用卡文迪许的扭秤实验或者其某种变形来进行测量，然而扭秤是一个复杂的系统，很难找出所有可能存在的误差。而我们的实验采用了一个全新的方法，用超冷“铷原子喷泉”和原子干涉仪装置来测得了这一常数，避免了扭秤试验中一些不可预知的误差。通过测量铷原子和重达的钨圆柱体阵列之间及其微小的万有引力，我们得到的“G ”值为，该结果的不确定性是0.015%——这个值仅仅比传统的方法大一点点。 关键词：引力常数 原子态 精密测量 铷原子喷泉 原子干涉仪 不确定性 New method to measure precise gravitational constant ABSTRACT Let stand a landing apple tree Newton discovered gravity, it formed a theory of gravitation. The gravitational constant G is a in theoretical physics, astrophysics, and earth occupies an important position of the basic constants in physics, cosmology, accurate measurement of it also have a vital role in physics experiment.Although more than two centuries since scientists have tried very hard the exact value of the measurement g, but its measurement accuracy is still the worst of the fundamental physical constants. Before scientists mostly adopt the Cavendish torsion balance experiment or its some kind of deformation measurement, torsion balance is a complex system, however, it is difficult to find all possible error.Our experiments using a new method, using ultra-cold rubidium atomic fountain and atomic interferometer apparatus to measure got this constant, avoiding the torsion balance test some unpredictable errors.By measuring between rubidium atoms and tungsten cylinder array weighs its tiny gravity, we get the G is the result of the uncertainty of 0.015% - This value is only a little larger than traditional methods . Keywords: Gravitational constant Uncertainty Precision Measurement Rubidium atomic fountain Atom interferometer 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \u 21997 第一章 绪论 1 4963 1.1 万有引力 1 30429 1.2 万有引力常数 1 7437 第二章 测量方法的发展史 3 3090 2.1.“G”测量的历史 3 24562 2.1.1 传统的测“G”方法概述 3 28790 2.1.2 扭秤周期法 3 3505 2.2 “G”测量的困难和测量现状 5 12315