系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Section two the brain.pptVIP

Section two the brain The brain consists of four parts: brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon. I. The brain stem includes medulla oblongata, pons , midbrain (I) External features1. The ventral surface of brain stem① medulla oblongatapyramid, decussation of pyramid, olive, four pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the medulla oblongata ( IX-XII, glossopharyngeal N, vagus N, accessory N and hypoglossal N) ② ponsbasilar sulcus, middle cerebellar peduncles ,four pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the pons ( V- VIII, the trigeminal N, abducent N, facial N and vestibulocochlear N) ③ midbraincerebral peduncles,two pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the midbrain ( III – IV, the oculomotor N and trochlear N) 2. The dorsal surface of brain stem① the medulla oblongatastriae medullaresgracile tubercle,cuneate tubercle,hypoglossal trigonevagal trigone ② ponsmedian sulcus sulcus limitansmedial eminence:facial colliculusvestibular arealocus ceruleus ③ midbrainsuperior and inferior colliculi ( quadrigeminal body ). the superior colliculi are involved in visual reflexes and the inferior involved the auditory reflexes. brachium of superior colliculus (pass to the lateral geniculate body)brachium of inferior colliculus (pass to the medial geniculate body) trochlear nervesuperior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary velum 3 The rhomboid fossaBoundariesupper: superior cerebellar peduncleslower: inferior cerebellar peduncles, cuneate and gracile tuberlces 4. The fourth ventricle①Location: among cerebellum, the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata and pons② Communication: continuous below with the central canal and above with the mesencephalic (cerebral ) aqueduct Fourth ventricle (II) Internal structure of brain stem1. Features①The fourth ventricle appears②Relation between the motor nucleus and sensory nucleus is medial and lateral③Gray and white matters are not continuous④Cranial nerve nuclei have seven functional components⑤