系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Cranial Nerves1.pptVIP

Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs of spinal nerves all share similar sensory, motor and autonomic functions - just for different levels of the body.Incoming sensory components of spinal nerves usually synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.The neurons whose axons make up the outgoing motor/autonomic components of spinal nerves are located in the ventral lateral horn of cord.Cranial NervesCranial nerves are nerves that enter/exit the brain Cranial Nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves are more variable specialized in function - they do not all have sensory, motor and autonomic functions. Incoming sensory cranial nerves synapse in nuclei located in the lateral area of the brain stem.Neurons whose axons form outgoing motor/autonomic cranial nerves are the nuclei located in the medial area of the brain stem.Cranial NervesCranial Nerves Cranial Nerves Location of Cranial Nerves 2 (Cn.I II) enter the forebrain2 (Cn.III IV) exit the midbrain1 (Cn.V) enter/exit the pons3 (Cn. VI, VII VIII ) enters at the pons/medulla junction4 (Cn. IX, X, XI XII) enter/exit the medullaCranial Nerves Components of cranial nerves①General somatic efferent fibers (GSE)carrying motor impulses to skeletal muscle.②Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE)provide motor innervations to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans③General visceral efferent fibers (GVE)provide motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandsCranial Nerves Components of cranial nerves④General visceral afferent fibers (GVS)provide motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands⑤Special visceral afferent fibers (SVA)carry the special senses of smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation).⑥General somatic afferent fibers(GSA)conduct impulses of pain, touch and temperature from our body.⑦Special somatic afferent fibber(SSA)carry information from the special senses of vision, hearing and balance.Cranial Nerves 1. Pure Sensory Cranial Nerves (1) Olfactory (I)- smell (SVA)(2) Optic (II)