Association of adverse effects with monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor and catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor combination therapy in Parkinson’s disease patients英文文献资料.docVIP

Vol.1, No.1, 5-10 (2012) Advances in Parkinson’s Disease doi:10.4236/apd.2012.11002 Association of adverse effects with monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor and catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor combination therapy in Parkinson’s disease patients Rui Zhang, Danielle C. Spengler, Marie-Helene Saint-Hilaire , Anna D. Hohler * Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA; * Corresponding Author: Marie.Saint-Hilaire@ Received 1 July 2012; revised 24 July 2012; accepted 22 August 2012 1. INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder [1], characterized by resting tremor, rigidity or stiffness, bradykinesia and postural instability [2]. While the eti- ology of PD remains uncertain [3,4], the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) is considered a marker of the motor disorder of PD [5]. Currently, medication therapy is the most widely used treatment for PD. Several types of medications have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of PD, including levodopa (L-Dopa)/ carbidopa (dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor), rasagiline and selegiline (monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, MAOBIs), entacapone and tolcapone (catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors, COMTIs), ropinirole and pramipexole (non- ergolin dopamine agonists), and amantadine (which has both anticholinergic and antiglutaminergic properties) [6-11]. Levodopa is the most effective and commonly used medication to control motor symptoms in PD [12]. The long-term treatment of PD using levodopa, however, has been shown to induce several adverse effects (AEs). The most common AEs include motor fluctuations (“on-off” phenomenon), dyskinesia, and psychosis [8,13]. As a result, other classes of medication, including COMTIs, MAOBIs, and dopamine agonists, have been widely used as alternatives or adjuncts in treating PD [14]. Currently,