Cellular Signal Mechanisms of Reward-Related Plasticity in the Hippocampus英文文献资料.docVIP

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Cellular Signal Mechanisms of Reward-Related Plasticity in the Hippocampus英文文献资料.doc

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Cellular Signal Mechanisms of Reward-Related Plasticity in the Hippocampus英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation NeuralPlasticity Volume2012,ArticleID945373,18pages doi:10.1155/2012/945373 ReviewArticle CellularSignalMechanismsofReward-Related PlasticityintheHippocampus MasakoIsokawa DepartmentofBiomedicine,CollegeofBiomedicalSciencesandHealthProfessions, TheUniversityofTexasatBrownsville,80FortBrown,Brownsville,TX78520,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMasakoIsokawa,masako.isokawa@ Received8August2012;Revised22September2012;Accepted23September2012 AcademicEditor:MichelBaudry Copyright?2012MasakoIsokawa.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Thehippocampushastheextraordinarycapacitytoprocessandstoreinformation.Consequently,thereisanintenseinterestin themechanismsthatunderlinelearningandmemory.Synapticplasticityhasbeenhypothesizedtobetheneuronalsubstratefor learning.Ca IaimtointegrateourcurrentunderstandingofCa relatedlearninginthehippocampus.Iwillintroducetworepresentativeneuromodulatorsthatarewidelystudiedinreward-related learning(e.g.,ghrelinandendocannabinoids)andshowhowtheymightcontributetohippocampalneuronactivitiesandCa 2+ andCa 2+ -activatedkinasescontrolcellularprocessesofmostformsofhippocampalsynapseplasticity.Inthispaper, 2+ -mediatedsynapticplasticityandmetaplasticityinmotivationalandreward- 2+ - mediatedsignalingprocessesinsynapticplasticity.Additionally,Iwilldiscussfunctionalsigni?canceofthesetwosystemsandtheir signalingpathwaysforitsrelevancetomaladaptiverewardlearningleadingtoaddiction. 1.Introduction brain’s reward system by interacting with dopaminergic, glutamatergic,andGABAergicneurons.Indeed,numerous studieshavesuggestedtheinvolvementoftheendocannabi- noid system in addiction [3]. In these studies, it was suggestedthatendocannabinoidsmaynotparticipateinthe primary reinforcing e?ects of substances of abuse, but are importantformaintainingdrug-seekingbehavior. A hallmark of addict