enhancing the out-coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes using two-dimensional periodic nanostructures提高有机发光二极管的out-coupling效率使用二维周期性纳米结构.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 985762, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/985762 Research Article Enhancing the Out-Coupling Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Two-Dimensional Periodic Nanostructures Qingyang Yue, Wei Li, Fanmin Kong, and Kang Li School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China Correspondence should be addressed to Kang Li, kangli@ Received 10 March 2012; Revised 17 April 2012; Accepted 19 April 2012 Academic Editor: Jwo-Huei Jou Copyright © 2012 Qingyang Yue et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The out-coupling efficiency of planar organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is only about 20% due to factors, such as, the total internal reflection, surface plasmon coupling, and metal absorption. Two-dimensional periodic nanostructures, such as, photonic crystals (PhCs) and microlenses arrays offer a potential method to improve the out-coupling efficiency of OLEDs. In this work, we employed the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to explore different mechanisms that embedded PhCs and surface PhCs to improve the out-coupling efficiency. The effects of several parameters, including the filling factor, the depth, and the lattice constant were investigated. The result showed that embedded PhCs play a key role in improving the out-coupling efficiency, and an enhancement factor of 240% was obtained in OLEDs with embedded PhCs, while the enhancement factor of OLEDs with surface PhCs was only 120%. Furthermore, the phenomena was analyzed using the mode theory and it demonstrated that the overlap