英国《反腐败法》规定罪名及其适用——兼论对中国立法启示-the crime and its application stipulated in the anti-corruption law of england - concurrently on the enlightenment to chinas legislation.docxVIP
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英国《反腐败法》规定罪名及其适用——兼论对中国立法启示-the crime and its application stipulated in the anti-corruption law of england - concurrently on the enlightenment to chinas legislation
摘要1997年,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)完成了《反对在国际贸易中贿赂外国公职人员公约》的起草,该公约在序言中指出“行贿行为已成为国际商业交易活动中普遍存在的现象,引起了道德和政治方面的严重忧虑,破坏了良好的管理秩序和经济的发展扭曲了国际竞争条件”,要求缔约方实施相关的国内立法。英国最终修订其所有的贿赂相关的法律,于2010年施行同时适用于国内和国外贿赂的《反腐败法》(U.K.BriberyAct2010)。该法案主要规定了一般性贿赂犯罪、贿赂外国公职人员犯罪及相关商业组织防止贿赂失职罪三种罪名以及罪名的适用,以其宽泛的管辖权和严厉的刑罚而著名,甚至超过了美国的反海外腐败法,其中有关贿赂外国公职人员及防止贿赂失职的规定充分体现了英国议会对贿赂的零容忍态度。尤其是该法案第七章对防止贿赂失职严格刑事责任的规定,势在将该严格责任适用于全世界。就我国目前的反腐败相关立法状况而言,反腐败法律体系还不够完善,存在较多的不足之处,就反海外商业贿赂立法而言,相关立法更是凤毛麟角,《刑法修正案(八)》的出现可谓是一个突破,我国首次规定了向外国公职人员、公共组织官员行贿罪。但是,修正案对这一罪名的规定也存在不足之处,包括适用范围及概念界定等方面的问题,本文提出借鉴英国的《反腐败法》的罪名及其适用,进一步完善该条款的内容。关键词:英国2010年反腐败法,域外适用,海外贿赂AbstractIn1997,theinternationalOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)completednegotiationoftheConventiononCombatingBriberyofForeignPublicOfficialsinInternationalBusinessTransactions.“Briberyisawidespreadphenomenonininternationalbusinesstransactions,includingtradeandinvestment,whichraisesseriousmoralandpoliticalconcerns,underminesgoodgovernanceandeconomicdevelopment,anddistortsinternationalcompetitiveconditions”,asstatedinthepreambletotheConvention.TheUnitedKingdomfinallyrevisedallU.K.bribery-relatedstatutesandenactedtheU.K.BriberyAct2010,whichappliestobothdomesticandforeignbribery.Asmandatedbysection9oftheBriberyAct,theU.K.MinistryofJusticehaspublished“Guidanceaboutprocedureswhichrelevantcommercialorganizationscanputintoplacetopreventpersonsassociatedwiththemfrombribing”.TheBriberyActmainlyintroducesgeneralbriberyoffense,briberyofforeignpublicofficialsandfailureofcommercialorganizationtopreventbribery,andtheterritorialapplicationoftheseoffenses,itisfamousforitsexpansivereachandharshpenalties,evenmoreaggressivethantheForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).RegulationsaboutBriberyofforeignpublicofficialsandFailureofcommercialorganizationstopreventbriberyadequatelyshowtheParliament’szerotolerancetobribery.Especiallysection7oftheActreestablishingBritishdominionovertheplanet.Therearemanydeficienciesinourcurrentlegalsystemtocontrolcommercialbribery,that’snotsatisfactory,especiallyaboutpro
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