黄淮海北部农田犁底层不同破除程度对夏玉米农艺性状及产量影响.docVIP

黄淮海北部农田犁底层不同破除程度对夏玉米农艺性状及产量影响 　　摘要：黄淮海平原由于连年旋耕导致犁底层加厚上移、耕层变浅、耕层生产能力下降，针对此问题，本试验于山东德州黄河涯村设置犁底层不破除（RT15）、犁底层破除1/3（DL20）、犁底层破除2/3（DL25）、犁底层完全破除（DL40）4个犁底层破除程度处理，研究大田条件下犁底层不同破除程度对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：部分破除犁底层后，夏玉米的株高、叶面积、净光合速率、地上/地下干物质重、产量均随犁底层破除程度的增加而呈增加趋势，DL25处理各指标达到最大；DL25处理的玉米产量分别较DL40、DL20、RT15处理高4.6%、6.1%和17.3%；但完全破除犁底层，并不利于作物产量等指标的进一步提升，甚至有小幅降低。因此，在目前黄淮海平原农田耕作方式、耕层结构条件下，犁底层的存在阻碍玉米的生长，将耕层深度增加到25 cm、适度打破而保留部分犁底层（5 cm）更有利于玉米产量的提高。 　　?P键词：玉米；耕作方式；犁底层；产量；黄淮海平原 　　中图分类号：S513.061文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）03-0036-05 　　Abstract Annual rotary tillage has created a compacted plow pan and shallow arable layer which hamper the high crop yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region. In order to explore the effects of breaking the plow pan by different degrees on agronomic traits and yield of summer maize， the field experiments were conducted in Huangheya Village， Dezhou City of Shandong Province during 2014. Four treatments were conducted， including the original plow pan （RT15）， breaking the plow pan by 1/3 （DL20）， breaking the plow pan by 2/3 （DL25）， breaking the plow pan thoroughly （DL40）. The results showed that the plant height， leaf area， net photosynthetic rate， ground/underground dry matter and yield of summer maize increased with the increase of breaking degree of plow pan when breaking the plow pan partially. All the above indexes of DL25 treatment were the highest and the yield increased by 4.6%， 6.1% and 17.3% respectively than that of DL40， DL20 and RT15. While breaking the plow pan thoroughly was not beneficial to the promotion of yield indexes and even decreased slightly. In summary， the plow pan hindered the crop growth under the present cultivation method and the cultivated layer structure in the northern region of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Comprehensively considering the economic and environmental benefits， breaking the plow pan by 2/3 （DL25） was the best choice which could remarkably promote the summer maize yield. 　　Keywords Maize； Tillage treatments； Plow pan； Y