超低功耗无线传感器网络协议栈的设计与实现-检测技术与自动化装置专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 摘要 工业领域是无线传感器网络的一个重要应用方向。工业现场对信息实时性、 可靠性和吞吐量的特殊要求，决定了工业无线网络具有特殊的网络结构——星型 拓扑结构。同时，工业无线网络也面临着能量受限问题和兼容性的问题。 本文针对星型拓扑结构，从解决能量受限和兼容性问题的角度对协议栈进行 设计：采用事件触发机制降低系统工作时长，采用有限状态机模型减少系统在等 待查询环节的能量浪费，实现超低功耗特性；采用硬件抽象思想，分析不同硬件 平台的工作特点，将共性问题提炼抽象为统一函数接口，对上层软件隐藏底层硬 件差异，实现兼容性特性。同时，本文分析了工业无线网络和协议栈的组织结构、 网络中的耗能源分布和当前常用的节能技术，通过分析对超低功耗特性的具体指 标进行了定义，并建立传感器节点能耗模型，从理论上验证了超低功耗协议栈的 可实现性。最后，本文搭建了协议栈硬件测试平台，并对协议栈的各项性能进行 了测试和比对，测试结果表明协议栈实现了超低功耗特性和兼容性特性。其中系 统平均功耗实测值为 108.48uW，不仅满足超低功耗的定义，还可以利用能量采集 技术实现能量供应，从根本上解决了无线传感器网络能量受限问题。 关键词：工业无线网络 协议栈 星型拓扑 超低功耗 兼容性 Ab Abstract Abstract When applied in industry, Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) should be organized particularly in star topology, which is due to the special demands of real-time, reliability and throughput of information in industry. Meanwhile, WSN in industry is also faced with the problems of energy constrained and the compatibility of the system. The paper designs an ultra-low power protocol stack which is aiming at the solution of energy constraint and compatibility problems for star topology. Event trigger mechanism is used to reduce working hours of system. Finite state machine model is to decrease the energy cost of system on waiting for a query, realizing the characteristic of ultra-low-power. The idea of hardware abstract is adopted to make an analysis of operating features on different hardware platforms, which are abstracted general characteristics of various hardware platforms to unified function interfaces and hide differences of the underlying hardware, thus, the compatibility being realized. Moreover, the industrial wireless network and the organization structure of protocol stack are introduced, the distribution of energy dissipation in wireless network is analyzed, and common energy-saving techniques at present are also summarized. By defining the concrete index for ultra-low-power characteristic and modeling energy consumption mode of sensor mode. The reliability of ultra-low-power protocol stack is theoretic