课件：药科大生物药剂学九双室模型.ppt

* LOGO (2) 静滴停止后血药浓度经时表达式 停止静脉滴注后，T 为一常数 以停止滴注时间为起始原点 重排 简化 * LOGO 将下列几式代入经重排的上式 因此， 令两系数为： * LOGO 比较两种静注给药后血药浓度经时公式的指数部分与系数相??? 静注 * LOGO 10-4 血管外给药Extravascular Administration 口服, p.o. 肌注, i.m. 舌下给药 直肠给药 经皮给药 给药部位 血液循环 屏障 * LOGO 中央室 外周室 分布 消除 k12 k21 k10 Xc Xp ka 一级吸收与一级处置的双室模型示意图 1.双室模型的数学表征 Xa 制剂(X0) 吸收部位 X0: dose 吸收部位 t=0, Xa=X0→Xa=F?X0 * LOGO 中央室 外周室 LaPlace变换积分 吸收部位 * LOGO 中央室 因为 Xc=Vc?C N L M 在 t=0, C=0, * LOGO 10-5 多房室模型Multicompartment model 三房室模样Three-compartment model 1 3 2 输入 深组织室deep tissue compartment iv bolus po 浅外周室 * LOGO 10-6 隔室模型研究中注意事项 1.隔室模型分析的基本问题 ?? 在保证能够准确分析实验数据的同时，隔室模型方法 中以采用尽可能少的隔室数量为宜。 2.隔室之数量会受许多因素影响，如 1) 给药途经 茶碱theophylline iv kinetics of two-compartment model po kinetics of one-compartment model 2) 口服服药后的吸收速度 二氢吗啡酮hydromorphone iv kinetics of three-compartment model po kinetics of one-compartment model * LOGO 3)取样间隔时间与整体取样时间 * LOGO 4) 测定方法灵敏度、准确性与重现性 5) 模型研究方法 method of residuals nonlinear regression analysis * LOGO ‘‘All models are wrong, but some are useful’’ When trying to obtain insight into biological systems, G. Box and N. Draper in Evolutionary Operation: A Statistical Method For Process Improvement (John Wiley and Sons, 1969) points out: * LOGO A classical remark of Albert Einstein: Make things as simple as possible, but not simpler THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 * Portraying the body as a single compartment is appropriate for establishing the fundamental principles of pharmacokinetics. Emphasis: the basic assumption of distribution is that equilibrium of drug between tissues and blood occurs spontaneously. * 1. In reality, distribution takes time, due to a variety of reasons such as: 2. * Blood, perfusing tissues, delivers and removes substances. Accordingly, viewing any tissue as a whole, the movement of drug through membranes cannot be divorced from perfusion considerations. Perfusion (or Blood flow) is the volume of blood that reaches a site in the body per unit of time; the units are volume