第十章肝胆疾病的生物化学诊断.docx

PAGE PAGE # PAGE PAGE # PAGE PAGE # 肝胆疾病的生物化学检验 Biochemistry test of liverdisease 了解: 肝脏的结构与血液供应特点、肝脏的主要 功能、胆红素的正常代谢通路。（第一节） 熟悉： 肝胆疾病的代谢紊乱。常用肝功能试验的 选择及组合（第三节部分和第四节） 掌握： 肝胆疾病的常用生物化学检验、肝胆疾病 的实验诊断。（第二节和第三节部分） 第一节肝胆的结构及功能概述 Structure and functions of the liver 、肝脏的结构 Structure of the liver 、肝脏的功能 Functions of the liver 三、胆汁的生成及组成production of the bile胆红素代谢 Metabolism of bilirubin lood returning to the heartdiaphragmhepatic arteryleft lobe of liverright lobe of liver \hepatic veinbile ductgall bladderBite dramtng to the ii^escmes lood returning to the heart diaphragm hepatic artery left lobe of liver right lobe of liver \ hepatic vein bile duct gall bladder Bite dramtng to the ii^escmes The Live r frosh blood ornnionfrom； the he-art ornnion portal vein riringing blood from the intestines PAGE PAGE # PAGE PAGE # Overview of the Liver / The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen. Somewhat larger than the size of a football and weighing about 2-3 pounds, it performs numerous functions for the body: converting转化 nutrients营养素 derived from得到 food into essential基本 的 blood components, storing vitamins and minerals, regulating blood clotting凝 固， producing proteins and enzymes, maintaining hormone balances, and metabolizing代谢 and detoxifying解毒 substances that would otherwise be harmful to the body. The liver also makes factors that help the human immune system fight infection, removes bacteria from the blood, and makes bile, which is essential for digestion. Bile, a greenish-yellow fluid consisting of bile acids (or salts) and waste products废 物,such as bile pigments胆色素,flows through small bile ducts inside the liver. The bile moves from these small ducts into larger ones, like streams into a river, eventually traveling into the common bile duct and out of the liver. Some of the bile flows directly to the duodenum十二指肠；the rest is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder胆囊.After a person eats, the gallbladder, a fist