高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件4 第四章 Geologic processes of surface water.pptx

西南交通大学4.2 Geological processes of groundwaterGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 12contentsGeological processes of river Geological processes of temporary surface water 1 Geological processes of temporary surface waterThe temporary surface flow is a seasonal and intermittent flow with precipitation as the dominant water source and would dry up during the dry season, e.g., the surface water from the slope to the valley after precipitation. 1.1 Eluviation and eluviumDuring the infiltration process of precipitation to the underground, the infiltrated water not only carries away the fine particles but also dissolves the soluble materials. Under the aforementioned physical and chemical processes, the rocks on the earth surface gradually lose their integrity and compactness, and the leftover material is usually insoluble and hard to be washed away. This process is called eluviation, and the leftover material is called eluvium, which can be marked as Qel （1）Eluvium is a layer of loss and fractured material between the weathered zone of bedrock and earth surface. （2）The material composition of eluvium is closely related to the underlying bedrock（3）The thickness of eluvium is related to the local topography, precipitation, chemical components in the water（4）The eluvium usually has relatively larger porosity and higher water content 1.2 Outwash and diluviumBefore merging into the depressions or valleys, the precipitation usually flows as sheet flow over the entire slope and washes the weathered fragmentary materials to the slope foot. This process is defined as outwash, and the sedimentary deposits at the slope foot is are called diluvium, marked as Qdl（1）Diluvium usually locates at the slope foot with various thicknesses. （2）Diluvium is usually composed of gravel and clay, and its material composition is not determined by the underlying bedrock but the bedrock on the upper slope.（3）The stratification is not significant in the diluvium and the edges and corners of gravels ar