Critical protein GAPDH and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells.pdfVIP

Critical protein GAPDH and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells.pdf

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Critical protein GAPDH and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells.pdf

CancerBiolMed2015;12:10-22.doi:10.7497/j.issn.2095—3941.2014.0019 REVIEW CriticalproteinGAPDH anditsrequlatory illechanlsm sin ■, iiv cancercells Jin—YingZhang,FanZhang,Chao—qunHong,ArmandoE.Giuliano,Xiao—JiangCui,Guang—JiZhou,Guo—Jun Zhang,Yu—KunCui DepartmentofPhysiology,GuangdongMedicalCollege,Dongguan 523808,China;GuangdongProvincialKeyLaboratory forBreastCancerDiagnosisandTreatment,CancerHospitalofShantouUniversityMedicalCollege,Shantou 515041,China; DepartmentofSurgery,WomensCancerProgram,SamuelOschinComprehensiveCancerInstitute,Cedars—SinaiMedical Center,LosAngeles,CA 90048,USA ABSTRACT Glyceraldehyde一3一phosphatedehydrogenase(GAPDH)initiallyidentifiedasglycolyticenzymeandconsideredasa housekeepinggene,iswidelyusedasaninternalcontrolinexperimentsonproteins,mRNA,andDNA.However,emerging evidenceindicatesthatGAPDH isimplicatedindiversefunctionsindependentofitsroleinenergymetabolism;the expressionstatusofGAPDH isalsoderegulatedinvariouscancercells.OneofthemostcommoneffectsofGAPDH isits inconsistentroleinthedeterminationofcancercellfate.Furthermore,studieshavedescribedGAPDH asaregulatorof celldeath;otherstudieshavesuggestedthatGAPDH participatesintumorprogressionandservesasanew therapeutic target.However,relatedregulatorymechanismsofitsnumerouscellularfunctionsandderegulatedexpressionlevelsremain unclear.GAPDH istightlyregulatedattranscriptionalandposttranscriPtionallevelsJwhichareinvolvedintheregulation ofdiverseGAPDHfunctions.Severalcancer—relatedfactors,suchasinsulin,hypoxiainduciblefactor—l(HIF—1)Jp53J nitricoxide(NO),andacetylatedhistone,notonlymodulateGAPDHgeneexpressionbutalsoaffectproteinfunctions

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