系统解剖学英文版教学课件：cerebellum and diencephalon.pptVIP

The cerebellum II The cerebellum(I) Location Behind the pons and medulla oblongata and located in the posterior cranial fossa . Cerebellum (II) External structure The cerebellum consists of cerebellar hemispheres joined by a vermis. 1. Structure of cerebellum:superior, middle and inferior pedunclessuperior vermis: primary fissureanterior and posterior lobesinferior vermis: nodulus, uvula, pyramisflocculusTonsil: tonsillar herniation Tonsillar herniation 2. Division① According to phylogenesisarchicerebellum ( flocculonodular lobe)paleocerebellum ( ant. Lobe, and uvula, pyramis)neocerebellum (post. lobe exception uvula and pyramis) ② According to functionvestibulocerebellum (archicerebellum) : concerned with equilibrium and connects with vestibular system. spinocerebellum (paleocerebellum) : involoved with propulsive, stereotyped movements, such as swimming and walking ,and connects with the spinal cord.pontocerebellum (neocerebellum): concerned with the coordination of fine movement , and connects with cerebral cortex. (III) Internal structure includes cerebellar cortex, medullary substance and four pairs of cerebellar nuclei1. Cerebellar cortex molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, granular layer 2. Cerebellar nucleiFastigial nuclei, globose nuclei, emboliform nuclei, dentate nuclei (IV) Clinical correlationsAtaxia (loss of the coordinated muscular contractions required for the production of smooth movement )Dysmetria (inability to place an extremity at a precise point in space)Adiadochokinesis (inability to make , or difficulty in making, rapidly alternating or successive movements). III Diencephalon located between the brain stem and telencephalon , and entirely surrounded by the telencephalon. It includes dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus and metathalamus. The third ventricle lies between the halves of the diencephalon. DiencephalonHypothalamusThalamusEpithalamus Dorsal thalamusEpithalamusMetathalamus (I