血液以相同的速率载着正和负离子.docx

r^nryichf i ctC^ ftwnvr Trtmtrni. he How does electric current heat this light bulb filament? 電流如何對這燈絲加熱？ Where does the energy come from? 能量從何而來？ Collisions between e ions. e與離子間的碰撞。 e accelerated by E. e被E加速。 電流(/)= 電流(/)=通過一面積的淨(+)電荷速率。 [/] = Ampere 安培 24. L Electric Current 電流 Current (/) = Net rate of (+) charge crossing an area. Electronics : / ~ mA 電子器材 Biomedics : / ~ rA 生物醫學器材 Steady / = current: 穩定電流 Instantaneous current: / = ￡2 瞬間電流—苛 十 charges moving right +電荷往右走 0 G G G 0 G/ 一 charges moving left -電荷往左走 Net current 淨電流 III current 無淨電流 Both charges moving right 兩種電荷都往右走 Zero net GOT IT? 24.1 Which of the following represents a nonzero current 下歹何項代表一非零電流? Whats its direction? 其方向為何？ /, R to L右到左 /,叩上 /, L左 no / 無丿 no / 無, (a) a beam of electrons moves from left to right (b) a beam of protons moves upward 一束電子從左向右走‘ 一束質子向上走， (c) in a solution, positive ions move left negative ions move right, 溶液內‘正離子往左‘而負離子往右走 (d) blood, carrying + - ions at the same speed, moves up through a vein, 血液以相同的速率載着正和負離子，在一條血管內向上走， (e) a metal car with no net charge speeds westward. 一部金屬汽車,無淨電荷，往西奔馳 Curent: A Microscopic Look 電流：微觀看法 v of charge carriers in media with E = 0 is thermal (random with (v ) = 0 ). 在E = 0介質中，電荷載子的v來自熱 (隨機:〈v〉= 0) For E 7^ 0, Vd =〈 v〉h 0. drift velocity 漂移速度 Charge in this volume is AQ = nA Lq. 這體積內的電荷是 n = number of carriers per unit volume 單位體積內電荷載子的數目 q = charge on each carrier 每個載子的電荷 1 Ar n A Lq I — n Aq v(/ Find the electron s drift speed. 求電子的漂移速率。 Find the electron s drift speed. 求電子的漂移速率。 Example 24.1. Copper Wire 銅 線 A 5.0-A current flows in a copper wire with cross-sectional area 1.0 mm2, 5.0-A電流在一條截面積為1.0mm2的銅線內流動， carried by electrons with number density n= 1.1x1029 nr3. 載子是密度n= 1.1x1029 m-3的電子。 I 七 n A q 5.0 A —（1.1x1029 厂3）（1 0x10、用2）（L6xlO*C） = 28xl0f/s =0.28 mm / s TIP : Big difference between vd - mm/s and signal speed ~ c. 提示：的?mm/s與訊號的速率?c有甚大差別。 Current Density 電流密度 Current can flow in ill-defined paths (vd depends on po