WorleyParsons 沃利帕森斯设计指南 KS-PR-DEG-0152 Low Temperature Studies Design Guide.pdf

Low Temperature Studies Design Guide Document No: KS-PR-DEG-0152 Rev 0 01 December 2019 © Copyright 2019 Worley ACN 096 090 158. No part of this document or the information it contains may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Worley. Table of Contents 1. Summary 4 2. Overview6 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Guideline Objective7 3.2 Low Temperature Failure of Carbon Steel Piping and Pressure Vessels 7 3.2.1 Longford Explosion in 1998 8 3.3 Scope 8 3.3.1 Recent Changes to API 5219 3.4 Interfaces with Other Disciplines 9 3.4.1 Safety and Risk Engineering 9 3.4.2 Mechanical and Materials Engineering 10 4. Causes of Low Temperature 11 4.1 De-pressuring (Emergency Blowdown or Maintenance Venting) 11 4.2 Pressure-up 11 4.3 Normal and Abnormal Operating Conditions / Control Upsets11 4.4 Draining12 4.5 Emergency Relief 12 4.6 Environmental Conditions 12 5. Overall Methodology 13 6. Specifying Minimum Design Temperature 15 7. Discussion of Depressuring/Pressure-up and API 521 15 8. Isentropic and Isenthalpic Pressure Drop 17 8.1 Isentropic Expansion 17 8.2 Isenthalpic Expansion17 8.3 Composition Effects 17 9. Kinetic Energy 18 9.1 Effect of Kinetic Energy on Metal Temperatures19 9.2 Kinetic Energy in Restriction Orifices and Valves20 9.3 Ongoing Developments 21 9.4 Modeling Kinetic Energy Using HYSYS 21 10. Simulation Software 2