系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Bones of skull-trunk-ruan.pptVIP

Axial SkeletonSkullVertebral columnBony thorax The Skull The body’s most complex bony structureFormed by the cranium and facial bones Crania bonesFacial bones I. Cranium (8)Paired bones Temporal bonesParietal bonesUnpaired bones Frontal boneOccipital boneSphenoid boneEthmoid bone Functions of Craniumprotects the brain Provide the site of attachment for head and neck musclesProvide openings for important structuresSpinal cordBlood vessels serving the brain12 pairs of cranial nerves II. Facial bones(15)Maxillae (2)Zygomatic bones (2)Lacrimal bones(2)Nasal bones(2)Inferior nasal conchae(2)Palatine bones (2)Vomer(1)Mandible(1)Hyoid bone (1) II. Facial bones –Hyoid bone Functions of facial bones Supply the framework of the face and the teeth.House and protect the sense organs of smell, sight, and taste Provide the site of attachment for the facial muscles of expression and mastication muscles, which can act to facilitate eating, facial expression, breathing, and speech. Sutures of the skullSagittalCoronal LambdoidalSquamosal I. CraniumEight cranial bones – one frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occipital, one sphenoid, and ethmoid.PARIETAL (2)OCCIPITAL (1)TEMPORAL (2)SPHENOID (1)FRONTAL (1) Pterion is the area that marks the junction between four bones: parietaltemporalsphenoid bone frontal bonespterionPterion –exterior view Middle MENINGEAL ARTERIESpterionClinical significancethe weakest part of the skullthe middle meningeal artery runs beneath it on the inner side of the skull.A blow to the pterion may rupture the artery causing an epidural haematoma.Pterion –interior view Two parts:a vertical portion (the squama frontalis) corresponding with the region of the forehead.an orbital (horizontal) portion, which forms the roofs of the orbital and nasal cavities.1. Frontal Bone Articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal sutureMajor markings :anterior cranial fossasupraorbital marginsfrontal sinuses1. Frontal Bone 2. Parietal BonesFour sutures mar