中古后期英国“玫瑰战争”的初步考察.pdfVIP

摘 要 英国历史上曾经有过一场极其残酷、激烈的战争，却冠以一个十分温情而 美丽的名字——红白玫瑰战争。其实，这只是人们以战争双方的徽记来命名的。 战争双方均是金雀花王朝后裔，一方是兰开斯特家族，他们以红玫瑰为族徽； 另一方是约克家族，以白玫瑰为族徽。他们都是英国的封建贵族，以他们为代 表，英国两大封建主集团为争夺王位进行了旷日持久的一场内战。 玫瑰战争在英国历史上的地位是不容小觑的，但是由于国内对中古西欧政 治史的研究总体上来说还是薄弱的，所以对玫瑰战争这一英国历史转型时期的 重要事件并没有专门性的论文或者专著， 笔者拟对战争的来龙去脉做一详细梳 理。通过分析笔者认为玫瑰战争是15世纪中期多种因素综合作用的结果：亨利 六世的软弱统治、贵族势力的强大、王权的吸引力、变态封建主义的影响以及 对法战争的失败最终使得国家之舟失去控制不得不面对触礁的命运。 另外通过对战争全过程的详尽描述，笔者试图为深入理解西方学者的“宪 政主义”观点，了解十五世纪英国的贵族和王权，理解封建政治的本质，认识 英国议会君主制的运作打开一扇窗。 关键词：玫瑰战争；亨利六世；宪政主义 1 Abstract In English History there has been an extremely cruel and fierce battle. However, this battle enjoys a quite beautiful name—the Wars of the Roses, white rose and red rose, which represent the two sides in the war. One side is House of Lancaster which regard red rose as their emblem and the other side is House of York which regard white rose as their emblem. Both sides are descendants of the Plantagenet Dynasty and feudal nobles of England. Headed by them, a civil war between the two important feudal lords groups of England for the throne lasted for a long time. The Wars of the Roses are of great significance in English history, but not many achievements have been made in China in research on the political history of medieval Western Europe and also there are no influencing theses or monographs about the Wars of the Roses, which play an important part in the transitional period in English history. In view of the above, I would like to hereby elaborate these wars. Based on analyses and demonstrations, I think that Wars of the Roses are a result of many factors unde