耳鼻喉科：01-耳应用解剖.pptVIP

前庭神经及其传导通路 面神经 面神经的颞骨内段 面神经颞骨外段 周围性面瘫和中枢性面瘫 周围性面瘫 周围性面瘫的定位诊断 泪液分泌试验 Thank you for your attention! 耳廓前面的皮肤与软骨粘连较紧，皮下组织少，炎症肿胀时，感觉神经易受压迫而致剧痛，软骨膜炎时，甚至可发生软骨坏死，导致耳廓变形 * 外耳道软骨部皮肤含有类似汗腺结构的耵聍腺并含有毛囊和皮脂腺 * 外耳道骨部皮肤缺乏毛囊等结构 * 紧张部以上—上鼓室与鼓窦相通 * 面神经、镫骨肌在后鼓室 * 鼓窦是最大的气房 * 黄色部分——conductive；蓝色——neural 耳聋 * * 硬化型：未发育（小时候中耳炎，咽鼓管不通气） * 颈静脉球高位；通过鼓膜穿孔或咽鼓管排除分泌物 * 小孩常见 * 管吹 * 球吹——含一口水 * 切在紧张部，纤维为环形或放射状，只伤害一种 * 反复感染修复引起纤维增生钙化→听力下降；鼓室硬化症-镫骨板硬化；鼓室鼓膜黏连；急性化脓性中耳炎引起鼓膜增厚；慢性中耳炎引起鼓膜变薄（牛皮筋一样长期绷紧纤维松弛断掉） * * 粉色块 * 大多为良性 * 鼓室积液-分泌性中耳炎 咽鼓管吹张 咽鼓管吹张 鼓膜切开和鼓膜置管手术 急性中耳炎 急性中耳炎 慢性化脓性中耳炎-鼓膜穿孔 中耳胆脂瘤 中耳胆脂瘤 鼓室硬化和鼓室粘连 中耳-颞骨-颅中窝和颅后窝 中耳-颞骨-颅中窝和颅后窝 耳源性并发症 中耳胆脂瘤的扩展 鳞部-乳突部-鼓部-岩部 颈内动脉管外口和颈静脉窝 岩部-内耳门-内听道及神经 岩部-内耳门-内听道及神经 内听道和内听道底 内听道底-内耳-耳蜗 内耳骨迷路 前庭剖视图 膜迷路 膜迷路、前庭神经和蜗神经 面神经 蜗神经 前庭神经 蜗管横切面 螺旋器组织切片 耳蜗基底膜 蜗神经及其传导通路 外耳、中耳及内耳的功能 鼓室成形术和振动声桥 人工耳蜗植入技术 Introduction What is otolaryngology? What subdivisions exist within the specialty? Is otolaryngology a medical or a surgical specialty? How can you learn otolaryngology well? What is otolaryngology? The specialty deals with diseases of the head and neck region, the region from eyebrows to the collarbones The specialty originally included the treatment of eye conditions and was commonly identified as EENT (eyes, ears, nose and throat) What is otolaryngology? As a result of the explosion of medical knowledge, ophthalmology split from otolaryngology many years ago The American Academy of Otolaryngology recoginized the expanded breadth and changed the name to otolaryngology-head and neck suegery What subdivisions exist within the specialty? Initially, otology, laryngology, rhinology, and bronchoesophagology were recognized With increased medical knowledge, pediatric otolaryngology, otolaryngological allergy, facial plastic and constructive surgery, and head and neck surgery have been identified What subdivisions exist within the specialty? Otology has been expanded to include otology, neurotology, and skull-base surgery Otolaryngologists are interested in neurolaryngology, micro